Shear Stress Slopes

O: 4/XI-4/GTK/11

Factors That  Cause Increase 
in Shear Stress Slopes
(Highway Research Board, 1978)

1. Demolition material support
 
    a. Erosion

• The stream or river
• The ice avalanche
• By action of waves at sea
• The changes in wet and dry (wind, freezing)
 

    b. Natural slope movement  
        (fall, avalanches, decline)
 
    c. Human activity

• Mineral and cutting slopes
• Demolition of retaining wall or plaster
• Rapid reduction of water (lake, sea)

 
2. Excess load
 
    a. By cause - natural causes

• The weight of water that seeped into the soil (rain, snow)
• The accumulated material from previous avalanches 
 

    b. Human activity

• Development of embankment
• The construction of buildings or other heavy loads on top of the slope
• Leakage of water from the sewer - sewer, water or sewer pipes

 
3. Effect of moment (earthquake)
 
4. The loss of the material - which underpins 
     the bottom of the slope stability of slopes

•  By river or sea water
•  The influence of climate
•  By underground erosion due to seepage (piping), dissolution of the material contained in the soil
•  By human activity
•  By loss of shear strength of material at the bottom of the slope

 
5. The increase in lateral pressure

• By water in cracks or gaps
• By freezing water in cracks
• The development of clay

Factors That Reduced Land in Strong Shear Slopes
 
1. Innate factors of nature - 
    the nature of the slope-forming material

• Composition
• Composition
• The composition of secondary or inherit
• Perselang - interlude layer (stractification)

 
2. Changes caused by climate change and  
     activity fisiokimia (physiochemical)

• The process of drying and wetting
• Hydration
• The loss of an intermediary substance which glue the

 
3. Effect of pore water pressure
 
4. Changes in structure or composition

• Disposal or reduction of stress (stress release)
• Degradation structure