Prof. Masyhur Irsam
An earthquake measuring 8.8 on the Richter scale that occurred in Chile in February. More than 723 people became victims of the earthquake is centered about 250 miles east of Ocean Nazca plate subduction path as deep as 35 kilometers of this.
One month earlier, the earthquake also occurred in Haiti. The quake measuring 7 on the Richter had claimed more than 200 thousand people died. Humanitarian agencies of the United Nations (UN) also announced that this quake is the worst disaster that ever happened. Even worse than the tsunami in Aceh in 2004.
If we compare, the earthquake in Chile is more powerful than the earthquake that occurred in Haiti. The amount of vibration and the energy released in Chile recorded 500 times greater than that occurred in Haiti. But why the death toll in Haiti even more than in Chile?
According to the Geotechnical seismic expert from Bandung Institute of Technology, Masyhur Irsyam, Chile has learned a lot from the earthquake that occurred in 1960, which killed 1655 people. From historical seismicity, Chile holds the largest earthquake magnitude in the world because this region is a subscription allegedly repeating earthquakes with a relatively constant during the 83 years (with a plus-minus 9 years).
"Therefore, the law in Chile requires that every building has earthquake resistant construction," said Masyhur in Jakarta yesterday. Indonesia, he added, also has similarities with Chile because it is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire or areas that experience frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that surrounds the Pacific Ocean basin. Indonesia occupies a very active tectonic zone as the world's three major plates, namely the Eurasian, Pacific, and Australia, as well as several other small plates meet each other in Indonesia.
This is what makes Masyhur and colleagues form the Indonesian Earthquake Map Revision Team and "racked his brain" how to create anticipation for the right to minimize the risk of casualties and losses caused by the earthquake. The third version of the Indonesian earthquake map made the team showed that the earthquake-prone areas located along the southern part of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi to Papua.
Learning from the earthquake that occurred in Chile, the Masyhur considers the importance of "microzonation earthquake" or making a map for areas that are prone to micro-scale earthquake. "Especially for critical areas, such as big cities in Indonesia, Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, and others," he said.
Microzonation quake, according to Masyhur, expected to accommodate all needs, from building construction, building of water, until the bridge, so as to support the provision and development of national infrastructure is earthquake resistant. Microzonation earthquake would also contain about land surface conditions and the vulnerability of buildings that can be estimated how much risk of damage caused by the earthquake.
One famous example microzonation earthquake map that has been made the Turkish government. Map of earthquake microzonation Istanbul, the capital of the country, shows a number of areas prone to earthquakes and safe with a variety of colors. There are also written prediction that damage would occur at 160 thousand buildings that stand in the city with a population of about 11 to 15 million people. There are four categories of damage to the building when an earthquake happens, start secondary damage as much as 19 thousand buildings were severely damaged 44 thousand buildings, collapsed buildings 91 thousand units, up fatally damaged were 151 thousand units. "The number of casualties in an earthquake caused by the collapse of infrastructure," he said.
Geologists from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Danny Hilman Natawidjaja, reminiscent of some constraints that are often found to make microzonation earthquake. The issue is the lack of existing seismic data within a certain time, still at least an earthquake expert, and still the lack of attention to the earthquake-resistant buildings.
He pointed out that very subtle differences between Indonesia and Japan in dealing with earthquakes. For example, when a magnitude 6.3 earthquake rocked Yogyakarta Richter in 2006, recorded 5782 casualties with 36 thousand wounded. The number of victims was far greater than the victims of an earthquake of 6.8 on the Richter scale that occurred in Niigata, Japan, in 2007. In State Sakura, carrying "only" there are 11 deaths, 1,000 people were injured, and was the source of the earthquake is very close to the nuclear reactor.
Some countries, according to Danny, has begun to move in anticipation of the coming earthquake is unpredictable. America, for example, there is the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), which accommodates the earthquake research for academics, and even Singapore, which is said to be earthquake-free country, also has institutions earth observation (Earth Observation of Singapore / EOS) and disaster risk through the Institute of catastrophe Risk Management (ICRM). RK-TP
One month earlier, the earthquake also occurred in Haiti. The quake measuring 7 on the Richter had claimed more than 200 thousand people died. Humanitarian agencies of the United Nations (UN) also announced that this quake is the worst disaster that ever happened. Even worse than the tsunami in Aceh in 2004.
If we compare, the earthquake in Chile is more powerful than the earthquake that occurred in Haiti. The amount of vibration and the energy released in Chile recorded 500 times greater than that occurred in Haiti. But why the death toll in Haiti even more than in Chile?
According to the Geotechnical seismic expert from Bandung Institute of Technology, Masyhur Irsyam, Chile has learned a lot from the earthquake that occurred in 1960, which killed 1655 people. From historical seismicity, Chile holds the largest earthquake magnitude in the world because this region is a subscription allegedly repeating earthquakes with a relatively constant during the 83 years (with a plus-minus 9 years).
"Therefore, the law in Chile requires that every building has earthquake resistant construction," said Masyhur in Jakarta yesterday. Indonesia, he added, also has similarities with Chile because it is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire or areas that experience frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that surrounds the Pacific Ocean basin. Indonesia occupies a very active tectonic zone as the world's three major plates, namely the Eurasian, Pacific, and Australia, as well as several other small plates meet each other in Indonesia.
This is what makes Masyhur and colleagues form the Indonesian Earthquake Map Revision Team and "racked his brain" how to create anticipation for the right to minimize the risk of casualties and losses caused by the earthquake. The third version of the Indonesian earthquake map made the team showed that the earthquake-prone areas located along the southern part of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi to Papua.
Learning from the earthquake that occurred in Chile, the Masyhur considers the importance of "microzonation earthquake" or making a map for areas that are prone to micro-scale earthquake. "Especially for critical areas, such as big cities in Indonesia, Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, and others," he said.
Microzonation quake, according to Masyhur, expected to accommodate all needs, from building construction, building of water, until the bridge, so as to support the provision and development of national infrastructure is earthquake resistant. Microzonation earthquake would also contain about land surface conditions and the vulnerability of buildings that can be estimated how much risk of damage caused by the earthquake.
One famous example microzonation earthquake map that has been made the Turkish government. Map of earthquake microzonation Istanbul, the capital of the country, shows a number of areas prone to earthquakes and safe with a variety of colors. There are also written prediction that damage would occur at 160 thousand buildings that stand in the city with a population of about 11 to 15 million people. There are four categories of damage to the building when an earthquake happens, start secondary damage as much as 19 thousand buildings were severely damaged 44 thousand buildings, collapsed buildings 91 thousand units, up fatally damaged were 151 thousand units. "The number of casualties in an earthquake caused by the collapse of infrastructure," he said.
Geologists from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Danny Hilman Natawidjaja, reminiscent of some constraints that are often found to make microzonation earthquake. The issue is the lack of existing seismic data within a certain time, still at least an earthquake expert, and still the lack of attention to the earthquake-resistant buildings.
He pointed out that very subtle differences between Indonesia and Japan in dealing with earthquakes. For example, when a magnitude 6.3 earthquake rocked Yogyakarta Richter in 2006, recorded 5782 casualties with 36 thousand wounded. The number of victims was far greater than the victims of an earthquake of 6.8 on the Richter scale that occurred in Niigata, Japan, in 2007. In State Sakura, carrying "only" there are 11 deaths, 1,000 people were injured, and was the source of the earthquake is very close to the nuclear reactor.
Some countries, according to Danny, has begun to move in anticipation of the coming earthquake is unpredictable. America, for example, there is the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), which accommodates the earthquake research for academics, and even Singapore, which is said to be earthquake-free country, also has institutions earth observation (Earth Observation of Singapore / EOS) and disaster risk through the Institute of catastrophe Risk Management (ICRM). RK-TP
