Call Your Ego to Goodness !

O Mu'mins, Believers! I think anyone standing in this mihrab, this minbar, has to feel shy and ashamed that he is standing as a teacher, a scholar or imam, as we know our shortcomings, our sins and mistakes, and therefore we don't deserve that honor. The minbar is for Rasoolullah (s) and the masaajid are for Allah (swt), and Allah sent His messenger to stand on the minbar and advise the ummah. And we are asking Allah to forgive us, for the sake of the Prophet (s)!

O Muslims! Be happy we are honored as Muslims! Allah said in Holy Qur'an:

كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ وَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللّهِ

Kuntum khayra ummatin ukhrijat li 'n-naasi tamaroona bi 'l-ma`roof wa tanhawna ani 'l-munkar.

You are the best of nations sent to Mankind, calling for what is good and prohibiting what is wrong. (Aali-`Imraan, 3:110)

That means we are the only ummah that has been sent to humanity calling for good and forbidding the bad. Kuntum, "you were," and it is the past-tense verb because it refers to you on the Day of Promises. Allah (swt) chose us on the Day of Promises; it is His choice, not our choice. He made us from ummat an-nabi, and that is an honor! To say we are Muslims is an honor, don't feel shy and say, "We are Muhammadans," do not feel shy. Today Muslims are shy to say, "We are Muslims," because of some Muslims who create problems around the world. We say we are innocent of those ones, we have nothing to do with them.

We believe in what Allah said in Holy Qur'an:

أَطِيعُواْ اللّهَ وَأَطِيعُواْ الرَّسُولَ وَأُوْلِي الأَمْرِ مِنكُمْ

Ati`oollaha wa ati`oo 'r-Rasoola wa ooli 'l-amri minkum.Obey Allah, obey the Prophet, and obey those in authority among you. (4:59)

Allah chose us one-by-one, and picked us to be from ummat an-nabi, and since we are from ummat an-nabi we are under that verse, "You are the best of nations that has been sent to humanity." That means Allah (swt) didn't want us to stay too long in the grave. If we were from ummat an-Nuh we would already have been in the grave for 5000 years! He wants our time in the grave to be short, so He created us from ummat an-nabi. And the Prophet (s) said to the Sahaabah (r) about the Last Days, "There are people coming who are my brothers. They believe in me, yet they didn't see me." That is why you are the best ummah: you believe in the Prophet (s) without seeing him! You accept Sayyidina Muhammad (s) without having seen him in dunya, but you saw him on the Day of Promises, at the gathering of souls, where the Prophet (s) said:

  الارواح جنود مجندة , فما تعارف منها ائتلف , و ما تناكر منها اختلف

Al-arwaahu junoodan mujanadan famaa t`aarafa minhaa 'talaf wa maa tanakir minhaa 'khtalaf

The souls were gathered like battalions and those who were related came together.

عن ابن عباس قال : أصبح رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوما ، فقال : " ما من ماء ، ما من ماء ؟ " قالوا : لا . قال : " هل من شن ؟ " فجاءوا بالشن ، فوضع بين يدي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ووضع يده عليه ، ثم فرق بين أصابعه فنبع الماء مثل عصا موسى من أصابع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فقال : " يا بلال اهتف بالناس الوضوء " فأقبلوا يتوضئون من بين أصابع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وكانت همة ابن مسعود الشرب ، فلما توضئوا صلى بهم الصبح ، ثم قعد للناس ، فقال : " يا أيها الناس من أعجب الخلق إيمانا ؟ " قالوا : الملائكة . قال : " وكيف لا يؤمن الملائكة وهم يعاينون الأمر ؟ " قالوا : فالنبيون يا رسول الله ، قال : " وكيف لا يؤمن النبيون ، والوحي ينزل عليهم من السماء " ، قالوا : فأصحابك يا رسول الله ، قال : " وكيف لا يؤمن أصحابي وهم يرون ما يرون ؟ ولكن أعجب الناس إيمانا ، قوم يجيئون من بعدي ، يؤمنون بي ولم يروني ، ويصدقوني ولم يروني ، أولئك إخواني " .

I will relate a long hadith. The Prophet (s) was on an expedition, it was Fajr time and they needed to make wudu. The Prophet asked if there was any water and they said, no. So he said, "Is there the tiniest amount of water?" And one Sahaabi brought a small amount water and put it in a pot. The Prophet (s) put his hands in the water and then water came pouring out from that pot, and they not only made wudu but were also drinking from that water.Then he asked them, "Who is the best in faith, imaan?" And they said, "The angels." And the Prophet (s) said,

wa kayfa laa yuminoon wa 'l-malaaikat yu`aeenoon al-amr, "How are they not going to have imaan when they are in the Heavens observing Allah's signs and His oneness?

They have open eyes and ears; they feel and see the indications of Allah's (swt) oneness in the Heavens. How are they going to be the highest in faith? No, there is faith higher than that." Then they said, "An-nabiyyoon, the prophets" And the Prophet (s) said, "How are the prophets not going to have the best imaan when the revelation is coming to them from Heaven, and they are prophets, and they are appointed to have and to know, faith?" Then they said, "Yaa Muhammad (s), yaa Rasoolullah, the Sahaabah are the best!"

Remember the hadith of Prophet (s):

أصحابي كالنجوم، بأيّهم اقتديتم اهتديتم

Ashaabee ka 'n-nujoom bi ayyihim iqtadaytum, ihtadaytumMy Companions are like stars. Whichever of them you use as a guide, you will be rightly guided.

The Companions are like the stars, they were guides to the ummah; they carried hadeeth of the Prophet (s) and memorized the Holy Qur'an after the Prophet (s) and gave it to us. They did their best and gave their lives; they raised their accounts in Akhirah, not just for dunya. I am not saying that you must not to do anything for dunya, as Allah said:

رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ

Rabbana aatina fi 'd-dunya hasanatan wa fi 'l-akhiraati hasanatan wa qina `adhaba 'n-naar.

Our Lord! Grant us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and save us from the punishment of the Fire. (Al-Baqarah, 2:201)

So, they answered the Companions are best, and Prophet (s) said, "How are the Companions not going to believe when they see what they see from me, the Seal of Messengers? O Sahaabee! I am going to tell you something that will make you astonished!" And it will astonish us, also. He said:

ولكن أعجب الناس إيمانا ، قوم يجيئون من بعدي ، يؤمنون بي ولم يروني ، ويصدقوني ولم يروني ، أولئك إخواني

laakin `ajab an-naasi imaanan qawman yaatoon min ba`dee yuminoon bee wa lam yarawnee. Yusadiqoonee wa lam yarawnee. Oolaaika ikhawanee.

People with the highest faith will come after me in dunya. They believe in me and didn't see me!

O People! You are those people! That is a great honor, to be from ummat an-nabi, so thank Allah and He will give more. We say, Alhamdu laka yaa Allah, "We thank you, yaa Allah!"

And the Prophet (s) said, "Those people who believe in me and didn't see me are ikhawaanee, my brothers!"  (Narrated Ahmad and at-Tabarain)

And you should know that a brother will not leave his brother; a brother likes to take his brother wherever he goes. The Prophet (s) will not leave us in the hands of Shaytan, he will take us on the way of ar-Rahmaan in order to save us. That hadith is enough for dunya and akhirah. That will make you happy your whole life. You became the brother of the Prophet (s) by only believing in, laa ilaaha illa-Llah Muhammadun Rasoolullah! And that is why Allah said:

Kuntum khayra ummatin ukhrajati lin-naas... You are the best of nations; you call for the good and forbid the bad.

But not like those today who come and knock on your door and say, "O brother, do good!" yet they themselves are not doing it.

And Allah (swt) said:

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اجْتَنِبُوا كَثِيرًا مِّنَ الظَّنِّ إِنَّ بَعْضَ الظَّنِّ إِثْمٌ وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا وَلَا يَغْتَب بَّعْضُكُم بَعْضًا أَيُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَن يَأْكُلَ لَحْمَ أَخِيهِ مَيْتًا فَكَرِهْتُمُوهُ

Ya ayyuhalladheena amanoo ajtaniboo katheeran min adh-dhann wa laa tajassassoo wa laa yaghtab ba`dakum ba`dan ayuhhibu ahadakum an yaakula lahma akheehi maytan fa-karihtumooh..

O Believers! Stay away from too much suspicion, and don't spy on each other, and don't backbite the flesh of each other Would any of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Nay, ye would abhor it.  (al-Hujurat, 49:12)

Do you like to eat the flesh of your dead brother? You hate that! Polish yourself, and then you can help your family, your brothers and sisters. Clean yourself and beware, because we are in the time of fitnah, confusion. Fitnah is dormant, and Allah curses whoever brings it up. The Prophet (s) said, "Don't bring up fitnah. Be peaceful in your country then you will be safe in dunya and Akhirah." (Du`a)

Wa min Allah at Tawfeeq
Jumu`ah Khutbah, Masjid Hajji Muhammad Salleh
Mawlana Shaykh Hisham Kabbani
26 November 2010   Singapore

Victims of Earthquake is caused Collapses Infrastructure

 Prof. Masyhur Irsam

An earthquake measuring 8.8 on the Richter scale that occurred in Chile in February. More than 723 people became victims of the earthquake is centered about 250 miles east of Ocean Nazca plate subduction path as deep as 35 kilometers of this.

One month earlier, the earthquake also occurred in Haiti. The quake measuring 7 on the Richter had claimed more than 200 thousand people died. Humanitarian agencies of the United Nations (UN) also announced that this quake is the worst disaster that ever happened. Even worse than the tsunami in Aceh in 2004.

If we compare, the earthquake in Chile is more powerful than the earthquake that occurred in Haiti. The amount of vibration and the energy released in Chile recorded 500 times greater than that occurred in Haiti. But why the death toll in Haiti even more than in Chile?

According to the Geotechnical seismic expert from Bandung Institute of Technology, Masyhur Irsyam, Chile has learned a lot from the earthquake that occurred in 1960, which killed 1655 people. From historical seismicity, Chile holds the largest earthquake magnitude in the world because this region is a subscription allegedly repeating earthquakes with a relatively constant during the 83 years (with a plus-minus 9 years).

"Therefore, the law in Chile requires that every building has earthquake resistant construction," said Masyhur in Jakarta yesterday. Indonesia, he added, also has similarities with Chile because it is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire or areas that experience frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that surrounds the Pacific Ocean basin. Indonesia occupies a very active tectonic zone as the world's three major plates, namely the Eurasian, Pacific, and Australia, as well as several other small plates meet each other in Indonesia.

This is what makes Masyhur and colleagues form the Indonesian Earthquake Map Revision Team and "racked his brain" how to create anticipation for the right to minimize the risk of casualties and losses caused by the earthquake. The third version of the Indonesian earthquake map made the team showed that the earthquake-prone areas located along the southern part of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi to Papua.

Learning from the earthquake that occurred in Chile, the Masyhur considers the importance of "microzonation earthquake" or making a map for areas that are prone to micro-scale earthquake. "Especially for critical areas, such as big cities in Indonesia, Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, and others," he said.

Microzonation quake, according to Masyhur, expected to accommodate all needs, from building construction, building of water, until the bridge, so as to support the provision and development of national infrastructure is earthquake resistant. Microzonation earthquake would also contain about land surface conditions and the vulnerability of buildings that can be estimated how much risk of damage caused by the earthquake.

One famous example microzonation earthquake map that has been made the Turkish government. Map of earthquake microzonation Istanbul, the capital of the country, shows a number of areas prone to earthquakes and safe with a variety of colors. There are also written prediction that damage would occur at 160 thousand buildings that stand in the city with a population of about 11 to 15 million people. There are four categories of damage to the building when an earthquake happens, start secondary damage as much as 19 thousand buildings were severely damaged 44 thousand buildings, collapsed buildings 91 thousand units, up fatally damaged were 151 thousand units. "The number of casualties in an earthquake caused by the collapse of infrastructure," he said.

Geologists from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Danny Hilman Natawidjaja, reminiscent of some constraints that are often found to make microzonation earthquake. The issue is the lack of existing seismic data within a certain time, still at least an earthquake expert, and still the lack of attention to the earthquake-resistant buildings.

He pointed out that very subtle differences between Indonesia and Japan in dealing with earthquakes. For example, when a magnitude 6.3 earthquake rocked Yogyakarta Richter in 2006, recorded 5782 casualties with 36 thousand wounded. The number of victims was far greater than the victims of an earthquake of 6.8 on the Richter scale that occurred in Niigata, Japan, in 2007. In State Sakura, carrying "only" there are 11 deaths, 1,000 people were injured, and was the source of the earthquake is very close to the nuclear reactor.

Some countries, according to Danny, has begun to move in anticipation of the coming earthquake is unpredictable. America, for example, there is the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), which accommodates the earthquake research for academics, and even Singapore, which is said to be earthquake-free country, also has institutions earth observation (Earth Observation of Singapore / EOS) and disaster risk through the Institute of catastrophe Risk Management (ICRM). RK-TP

Calculation

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Calculation  # 1

Calculation  # 2

Chile Celebrates As Miners Emerge from Underground

By the time the capsule rose through the mineshaft's manhole-size opening shortly after midnight, the surrounding desert outside the northern Chilean city of Copiapó was as dark and cold as a sepulcher. But when 30-year-old Florencio Avalos emerged from 2,000 ft. (700 m) below the earth — where he and his 32 companions had been huddled since their gold and copper mine collapsed on Aug. 5 — and into the arms of his wife and children, an incandescent fiesta of life erupted on the surrounding dunes and rock piles. Men who had been all but buried alive for 69 days had just become the world's newest heroes.

The U.S. exulted 40 years ago when it brought its three Apollo 13 astronauts back safely from a disaster in space. Early Wednesday morning, Chile — and, for that matter, Latin America, a continent whose achievements are so often overshadowed by natural and political tragedy – can celebrate its own finest hour as it rescues its 33 miners from the abyss. Chileans, not known for exuberance, unleashed deafening cheers and chants through the chilly air above the San José mine — "Tonight we bring them back!" — along with confetti and balloons bearing the Chilean flag. The sight of Avalos' 7-year-old son, wearing a hard hat alongside Chilean President Sebastián Piñera as he awaited his father, brought many at the mine, now known as Camp Hope, to tears. "We made a promise to never surrender, and we kept it," said Piñera, who arrived at the site on Tuesday and earlier said that the miners' rescue would be "a true rebirth for us all." 

It will be a prolonged one as well. The process of sending the 21-inch-wide (50 cm wide) capsule down the almost half-mile diagonal duct and then carrying each miner up to the surface will take as much as an hour or more. As a result, officials said they expected Operation San Lorenzo — named for the patron saint of miners — to last about 48 hours. Twenty-three of the 33 miners have been rescued. Said the second, Mario Sepúlveda: "I think I had extraordinary luck. I was with God and with the devil. And I reached out for God."

The operation was made possible last Saturday when a giant U.S.-operated drill finally bored through the ceiling of the miners' 538-sq.-ft. (50 sq m) emergency shelter, a good month before most had expected. Since then, the men prepared for their rides up in the specially designed Phoenix capsule. They did squats and other leg-strengthening exercises to keep their blood circulation even for the 15-minute ascent; they ate only protein supplements and carbohydrates to avoid nausea. See TIME's top 10 miraculous rescues.)

Officials, doctors and psychologists who had been monitoring the miners throughout the more than two-month ordeal — a survival record in the annals of mining disasters — drew up an order of ascent. "Los más hábiles" — a half-dozen of "the most able," like Avalos — would go first, since they could better handle any problems on the way up that rescue workers could then fix for the others going after them. The weaker members of the group would follow, and then the stronger.

Each would wear a special helmet equipped with communications gear so officials could keep in constant contact with them; an oxygen mask and a belt with vital-signs sensors around the torso; and dark glasses to keep their eyes, more like those of moles now than of humans, from being damaged in the sudden return to light. Liliana Gómez, the wife of the oldest of the men, Mario Gómez, 63, who has silicosis, a lung ailment common among miners, hoped that he would be carrying his inhaler. "He'll be much less nervous if he does," she told TIME. "I'll be much less nervous if he does." 

Indeed, claustrophobic panic attacks during the ascent have been the one key concern, and officials are ready to increase the lift speed to 10 ft. (3 m) per second should a miner have one. "Every rescue has risks," said Mining Minister Laurence Golborne before the operation, "but we've got hundreds of different contingencies in place." Many had assumed the miners would be given anxiety-reducing drugs before the lift; but medical advisers insisted the men be in a natural state, "not all drugged up, so they'll be alert to whatever problem they might encounter on the way up," Dr. Franco Utili, an emergency medical specialist on the rescue team, told TIME.

So far, the only nervous moment has been a three-hour delay in the operation's start, when Golborne reported a problem with the capsule door during testing Tuesday night. When the damage (which could have caused the capsule to get caught on the wall of the 28-inch-wide [70 cm wide] shaft) was fixed, the first of a handful of rescue workers was lowered down shortly after 11 p.m. to gauge the miners' condition and assist them with the capsule. Within minutes Avalos, the No. 2 leader of the mining group who had been charged with video-monitoring his comrades' subterranean health for officials above, was on his way. After he arrived at the bottom, another rescue worker was sent down, and another miner was sent up: the electrician-prankster Sepúlveda, 39, who lightened the moment by giving Piñera and his attending Cabinet ministers joke gifts of rocks from the mine below and then led them in rowdy cheerleader chants.

Each man, who was allowed to have about three family members greet him as he popped through the hole, was to be examined by doctors at a makeshift medical facility at the rescue site. Then they would be whisked by air force helicopter to a hospital in Copiapó for a minimum of two days' observation. The last miner up will be Luis Urzúa, 52, the shift foreman who was the men's leader and kept them cohesive during their entrapment — a role officials want him to play throughout the rescue phase as well. 

But even if they get a physical pass, they'll need months, if not years, of emotional monitoring. Alberto Iturra, the rescue team's chief psychologist, has warned that the miners, who are like nocturnal creatures now being brought back into a life of daylight, could experience posttraumatic problems similar to those of soldiers returning from war, especially "the disappointments and frustrations of no one else understanding what they've been through." Once their international fame has passed, Iturra said recently, their families may have to muster "a lot of patience."

Fortunately, that quality seems to be in large supply among them. Margarita Rojo, 72, the mother of miner Dario Segovia, 48, says she never imagined the rescue would come this soon. She thought it could "take up to the rest of the year, to tell you the truth," Rojo told TIME. Then again, she was a miner herself as a younger woman — an explosives expert to boot. Her son, she says, "is a miner — they're like cats, with nine lives. He's got three or four left at least." For the next two days, that outpouring of life promises to light up the watching world as surely as it ignited the barren Chilean desert. (Time)

3 Phases in Soils

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Volume-weight properties

The volume-weight properties of a soil define its state. Measures of the amount of void space, amount of water and the weight of a unit volume of soil are required in engineering analysis and design. 

Soil comprises three constituent phases:

1. Solid: rock fragments, mineral grains or flakes, organic matter.
2. Liquid: water, with some dissolved compounds (e.g. salts).
3. Gas: air or water vapour. 

In natural soils the three phases are intermixed. To aid analysis it is convenient to consider a soil model in which the three phases are seen as separate, but still in their correct proportions. 

Volumes of solid, water and air: the soil model

The soil model is given dimensional values for the solid, water and air components: Total volume,
V = V_s + V_w + V_a

Since the amounts of both water and air are variable, the volume of solids present is taken as the reference quantity. Thus, the following relational volumetric quantities may be defined:

 

Note also that:

• n = e / (1 + e)
• e = n / (1 - n)
• v = 1 / (1 - n) 

Degree of Saturation

The volume of water in soil can only vary between zero  (i.e.  a dry soil) and the volume of void, this can be expressed as  a  ratio:

For a perfectly dry soil:
S_r = 0
For a saturated soil:
S_r = 1 

Note: In clay soils as the amount water increases the volume and therefore the volume of voids will also increase, and so the degree of saturation may remain at S_r = 1 while the actual volume of water is increasing. 

Air - Void Content

The air-voids volume, V_a , is that part of the void space not occupied by water. 

Air-voids content, A_v
Gama _v = (air-voids volume) / (total volume)
= Va / V
= e.(1 - S_r) / (1+e)
= n.(1 - S_r)

For a perfectly dry soil:
A_v = n
For a saturated soil:
A_v = 0 

Masses of solid and water: water content

 

The mass of air many ignored. The mass of solid  particles is usually particle density or grain spesific gravity.

Grain Spesific Gravity

Particle Density

_{The ratio of mass of water present to mass of} solid particle is called the water content or sometime the moisture content

Densities and Unit weights

Density is a measure of the quantity of mass in a unit volume of material.
Unit weight is a measure of the weight of a unit volume of material.

There are two basic measures of density or unit weight applied to soils: Dry density is a measure of the amount of solid particles per unit volume. Bulk density is a measure of the amount of solid + water per unit volume.

The preferred units of density are:
Mg/m³, kg/m³ or g/ml.

The corresponding unit weights are:

Geotechnic on Applications

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1. Shallow Foundation
2. Deep Foundation
3. Retaining Wall
4. Earth Dams
5. Concrete Dams
6. Earth Works
7. Geofabrics
8. Soil Nailing
9. Sheet Piles
10. Conferdams
11. Landslides
12. Shoring
13. Tunneling
14. Blasting
15. Ground Improvement
16. Environmental Geomechanics
17. Instrumentation
18. Soil Testing

 

GROUND IMPROVEMENT

Areas of Geotechnics

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Traditional  Areas of Geotechnical Engineering

1. Site Investigation
2. Compaction
3. Consolidation
4. Slope Stability
5. Retaining Walls
6. Foundation

Site Investigation

1. To Properly Characterize a Site requires:
   - Literature Investigation to Determine
   - What Has Happened at the Site Before (Prior History)
   - What Investigations have been Made Near the Site
   - Geology, USDA Soil Profiles, Utility Crossings, etc.
2. On Site Surveying, Borings and Drilling, Bag Samples, etc.
3. Laboratory Testing for Soil Properties and Classification
4. Produce a Report about the site for the Owner
5. Maybe develop a Foundation Design, Retaining Structures, Embankments, Cuts and Fills

Drilling Program

1. The purpose of the Drilling Program is to determine the:
   - Thickness,
   - Lateral Extent, and
   - Physical Properties of Each Layer of Soil
   - Presence, Depth and Pressure of Water in the Soil
2. Coupled with the Topographic Survey, This provides a 3D view of the site and the soil underneath.
   If the Upper Soils are Weak, a Deep Foundation system must be developed.
3. This investigation may also determine where to find suitable fill material from Borrow pits.

Compaction
Ralph Proctor defined a standard procedure to specify the required density and water content of the soil for Stable Embankments.

1. Duplicated compactive effort available by compactors in 1927-1931.
2. Test is consistent and reliable
3. It shows the relationship between water   content  (w) and dry unit weight  (Gama d )

Samples of soil wetted to different water contents

• Each sample is compacted into the mold in 3 layers with 25 hammer blows per layer.
• Water content and Dry Unit Wt. determined for each sample.
• Peak is called Maximum Dry Unit Wt (Gamma-d Max) and Optimum Water Content

Contracts usually specify that the soil should be compacted to
A percentage of the Maximum Dry Unit Wt
     - Typically 95% for most fills
     - Sometimes 92% for landscaping
     - Sometimes 97-100% for fills requiring extra strength
B range of Water Contents around Optimum
     - Commonly 3 or 4% below and 2% above wopt.

Cut and Fill

If soil has to be moved around, you need to remove it (cut) at one location and, place it (Fill) at another location.

Economically, you want to design so that

• Minimize Volume
• Minimize Haul

Cut

• Cut soil is moved most easily by pushing it around (Short Haul)
  - Scraper
  - Wheeled (or Track) Bulldozer
  - Blade
• Lifting into a Dump Truck is much slower and expensive (usually Longer Haul)

 Cut and Fill, How Much ?

• Survey
• Pick Centerline
• Draw Topo
• Determine Sections

• Overlay Final Surface
• Draw Topo as Overlay
• Determine Section